ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of collateral circulation in adult moyamoya disease (MMD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were collected from all adult patients with MMD undergoing digital subtractive angiography (DSA) in our department from 2006 to 2016. Based on the imaging findings, the patients were divided into ischemia group and bleeding group. A double-blind analysis was conducted of the CT or magnetic resonance imaging findings and the severity of the disease was graded using the modified Suzuki score (mSS). We classified the anastomotic networks in MMD into the superficial meningeal type and deep parenchymal type. The superficial meningeal type was further classified into the leptomeningeal and the durocortical networks, and the deep parenchymal networks into subependymal networks and the inner striatal and inner thalamic networks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was found in the distribution of mSS scores between the hemorrhage group and the ischemic group (Χ=5.812, v=5, P=0.325), but the posterior communicating artery and internal carotid artery diameter ratio (Pcom/ICA ratio) was significantly greater in the hemorrhage group (t=2.119, v=108, P=0.036). The Pcom/ICA ratio differed significantly among the groups with different mSS scores (f=8.924, P=0.00), higher in groups with mSS scores of 3, 4 and 5. The incidence of anterior choroidal artery dilation differed significantly between hemorrhage and ischemic groups (Χ=11.79, P=0.001). The incidences of durocortical networks (Χ=0.327, P=0.567) and subependymal networks (Χ=0.011, P=0.917) were comparable between hemorrhage group and ischemic groups, but the incidence of leptomeningeal networks (P=0.018) and inner striatal and inner thalamic networks (Χ=7.551, P=0.006) differed significantly between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The collateral circulation vascular system is an important component of cerebral blood flow in MMD patients and varies from patient to patient. Patients with MMD exhibit increased Pcom/ICA ratio with abnormal expansion of the anterior choroidal artery, and the leptomeningeal networks and the inner striatal and inner thalamic networks are independent risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the temporal and spatial expression pattern of tenascin-c(tnc) and tenascin-w(tnw) in zebrafish early development,to further explore the role of tenacsin in zebrafish embryo development,and the association between them.Methods Zebrafish embryos at 2 hours post fertilization(hpf),4 hpt,8 hpt,10 hpf,24 hpt,48 hpr,72 hpf and 7 days post fertilization(dpf) were collected to extract RNA for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and fix the embryos at different stages for in situ hybridization.Temporal and spatial expression pattern of tnc and tnw on different stages of zebrafish early development was observed.Results tnc and tnw all expressed in zebrafish from 24 hpf to 7 dpf,but did not expressed from 2 hpf to 10 hpf.Tnc expressed at pharyngeal arch,notochord,somite in 24 hpf,then weakly expressed at somite,but highly expressed at otic vesicle,pectoral fin and hindbrain in 48 hpf,and tnc was expressed at hindbrain,pharyngeal and notochord and disappeared at somite and pectoral.tnw expressed at hindbrain,midbrain and otic vesicle in 24 hpf,expressed at somite,notochord,hindbrain,otic vesicle and pharyngeal in 48 hpf.In 72 hpf,tnw expressed weakly at somite and notochord.Conclusions Zebrafish tnc and tnw have special temporal and spatial expression pattern,and share partial overlapping expression pattern.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression pattern of tenascin-c(tnc)gene in zebrafish embryo abnormal development which was induced by ethanol,and to further understand the function of tnc gene in embryo develepment.Methods Zebrafish were treated with ethanol at different concentration from 100 to 500 mmol/L,and embryos at 24 and 48 hours were collected and fixed,then tnc expression pattern was observed by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The result of RT-PCR showed that ethanol at 100 and 200 mmol/L could increase the expression of tnc,while the result of in situ hybridization showed that,while ethanol at 300 mmol/L and above decrease the expression of tnc in presumptive position at 24 hours,and ethanol at 100 mmol/L and above caused increase expression of tnc in zebrafish heart.Conclusions tnc is increased when treated with 100 and 200 mmol/L ethanol and is presented in the abnormal development of hearts of zebrafish,which can promote the normal development of embryos in some degrees.The expression pattern of tnc in pathologic state is highly conserved in all vertebrate,and in adult and embryos as well.